全球慢性肾病防治药物研究进展

 慢性肾病（chronic kidney disease，CKD）具有病因复杂、治疗难度大等特点，已成为全球性的公共卫生问题，其影响了全球约10%的人群，并可导致更高的心血管疾病和死亡的发生风险等。CKD防治的关键环节之一是阻止或延缓CKD进展。总结了CKD的流行病学、风险因素、研发投入和防治药物，以详细了解CKD的现状和防治新进展。     

基于聚类层次分析模型的社区老年活动场所研究——以福州市中心城区为例

 作为老年人生活空间的重要组成部分，社区老年活动场所的建设须考虑老年人的活动特点和需求。以福州市中心城区的典型社区老年活动场所为例，采用OD调查法与相关分析法等确定了影响社区老年活动场所到访量的因子，并以SD法、德尔菲法等确定各影响因子的权重值，最终构建社区老年活动场所聚类层次分析评价模型，以评价各类型的社区老年活动场所。     

Microstructure,mechanical properties and wear resistance of an Al–Mg–Si alloy produced by equal channel angular pressing

Microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance in an ultrafine-grained Al–Mg–Si alloy fabricated utilizing a combination of equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and dynamic aging were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the grain size of the ECAP alloy was significantly refined, i.e., to ~239 nm after three ECAP passes. Meanwhile, the yield and tensile strength of the ECAPed material reached 340 MPa and 445 MPa, respectively, while maintaining a significant uniform elongation of 14%. Wear resistance results demonstrated that the wear rate, wear depth and width of the ECAPed material decreased in comparison with the solution-treated (SST) and peak-aged (T6) conditions under a load range of 5–25 N. The adhesive wear that occurs in the undeformed specimens at 10 N does not appear in the ECAPed specimen at the same load, indicating that the ECAPed specimen delay the appearance of more serious wear mechanisms under certain loads. The cooperative interaction of high density nano-scale β" precipitates and dislocations resulted in a combination of super-high strength and good work hardening ability which suppressed the extension of cracks between the friction layer and the plastic deformation zone. As a consequence, the combination of ECAP and dynamic aging brings a significant improvement for antifriction performance of the 6061 aluminum alloy.     

基于BaLuF5∶Yb3+,E3+纳米晶掺杂的聚合物光波导放大器

为提高聚合物光波导放大器的增益性能,利用高温法合成了BaLuF5∶Yb3+,Er3+纳米晶,并分别对纳米晶的形貌、晶体结构和近红外发射特性进行了表征.测试结果表明,纳米晶平均粒径为13 nm,并在1 530 nm处具有较强的发射,荧光半高宽为50 nm.将合成的纳米晶掺杂入SU-8聚合物作为光波导放大器的芯层材料,使用光刻显影等工艺,在表面长有二氧化硅的硅衬底上制备出了聚合物光波导放大器.当980 nm波长泵浦光功率为280 mW、信号光波长为1 530 nm且功率为0.1 mW时,在长度为1.1 cm的光波导放大器中,获得了3.95 dB的相对增益.     

“百病生于气”疾病观的针灸临床应用

 “百病生于气”见于《素问·举痛论》，几千年来始终是中医临床认识疾病、防治疾病的重要理论依据之一。对气的含义及气机失调致病的机制进行了梳理，得出了“百病生于气”的基本含义可以概括为气机失调是疾病发生的基本病机的结论，情志因素、精神心理是导致疾病发生的重要内因。分析认为“百病生于气”的理论对于针灸临床有重要指导意义，针灸诊疗过程中应注重“调气”“调神”，这是针灸取得佳效的根本保障。     

振动引起的界面切向相对运动对摩擦的影响

为了研究接触界面振动对摩擦的影响, 自主设计实验装置, 以在振动台上匀速滑动的滑块为对象, 采用理论与实验相结合的方法, 分析法向振动和切向振动引起界面切向运动减摩的机理。实验结果表明, 振动台的法向振动和切向振动经常同时存在。当界面振动, 且滑块与振动台之间的切向相对速度方向不变时, 滑块受到的平均滑动摩擦力与无振动时相同, 没有减摩作用; 当滑块与振动台之间切向相对速度的方向发生周期性变化或存在stick-slip (黏滑)时, 与无振动时相比, 滑块的平均滑动摩擦力有明显的减摩作用。根据Coulomb摩擦定律建立动力学模型进行仿真, 仿真结果与实验结果非常吻合, 说明在界面运动为已知的条件下, Coulomb摩擦模型能够反映界面间的摩擦作用。实验和仿真结果表明, 当法向振动和切向振动同时存在时, 振动引起的界面切向相对运动造成摩擦力方向的周期性变化或stick-slip是减摩的主要原因。     

基于智能影像基因组学技术的阿尔茨海默病预测进展

 阿尔茨海默病（AD）起病隐匿，目前尚无有效控制病情进展以及治疗的药物或方法。在其发病轻度认知功能障碍阶段早期预测进行干预，则能有效控制其病程。从基于脑影像组学特征的AD早期临床诊断、基于人工智能影像组学技术的AD早期预测两个方面综述了AD的早期诊断与预测研究进展，提出结合多模脑核磁共振影像特征和组学特征，在深度学习的框架下，将影像学和基因组学联系在一起，构造高分类与预测性能的深度学习模型，可为AD早期筛查并干预提供支持。     

Processing and characterization of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al6061–TiB2 composite

In the present research, aluminum metal matrix composites were processed by the stir casting technique. The effects of TiB2 rein-forcement particles, severe plastic deformation through accumulative roll bonding (ARB), and aging treatment on the microstructural charac-teristics and mechanical properties were also evaluated. Uniaxial tensile tests and microhardness measurements were conducted, and the micro-structural characteristics were investigated. Notably, the important problems associated with cast samples, including nonuniformity of the rein-forcement particles and high porosity content, were solved through the ARB process. At the initial stage, particle-free zones, as well as particle clusters, were observed on the microstructure of the composite. However, after the ARB process, fracturing phenomena occurred in brittle ceramic particles, followed by breaking down of the fragments into fine particles as the number of rolling cycles increased. Subsequently, com-posites with a uniform distribution of particles were produced. Moreover, the tensile strength and microhardness of the ARB-processed com-posites increased with the increase in the reinforcement mass fraction. However, their ductility exhibited a different trend. With post-deforma-tion aging treatment (T6), the mechanical properties of composites were improved because of the formation of fine Mg2Si precipitates.     

阿尔茨海默病循证预防国际指南

 对阿尔茨海默病循证预防国际指南作了解读。概述了阿尔茨海默病预防的具体策略、人群差异、现状及前景。根据指南，通过健康的生活方式（包括体重管理、体育锻炼、认知活动、良好睡眠、远离烟草等），良好的共病管理（糖尿病、高血压、高同型半胱氨酸血症、心脑血管疾病、头部外伤、抑郁等），提高教育程度以及维生素C摄入等可以预防阿尔茨海默病的发病。     

非瑞利杂波中两种非参量检测器的渐近性能

选择韦伯分布和对数正态分布为两种非瑞利杂波模型,推导广义符号(GS)和Mann-Whitney(MW)检测器相对于最佳线性参量检测器的渐近相对效率(ARE)的计算公式.采用Monte Carlo和Simpson数值积分方法对ARE进行仿真.结果表明,GS和MW的渐近相对效率随着杂波偏离瑞利分布程度的加强而增加;检测器在对数正态分布杂波中的渐近性能优于韦伯杂波;在相同条件下,MW检测器的渐近性能优于GS检测器.